Description
This academic presentation by Hikabasa Haliwindi, PhD from the University of Zambia School of Public Health provides a structured guide for tertiary-level students on defining and aligning key components of a research study. It focuses on the essential elements of research design, including variables, purpose statements, research questions, hypotheses, and study objectives. The material explains the nature of independent, dependent, and other variable types, and demonstrates how to craft clear quantitative and qualitative purpose statements. It distinguishes between descriptive and inferential research questions, outlines the characteristics and types of testable hypotheses, and details the formulation of general and specific objectives with actionable verbs. Illustrated with examples relevant to public health, this resource is crucial for university students, postgraduate researchers, and academics in health sciences and social research programs who are developing proposals, theses, or dissertations. Download these notes to strengthen the conceptual framework and methodological rigor of your research project.
What's inside
Hikabasa Halwiindi, PhD University of Zambia School of Public healthRESEARCH DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENTFocusing the research topic ★Variable ★Purpose statement ★Research questions ★Hypotheses ★Study objectivesLESSON What is a variable? A variable is a characteristic of phenomenon that can take on different values A variable is a characteristic or attribute of an individual or a population that (a) researchers can measure or observe and (b) varies among individuals or populations studied 1. VARIABLES Age Blood pressure Number of parasites Numeric Sex Color of urine Outcome of disease Non- numericvariables Research is based on variation of phenomenon Understand these variations Correlations between variables Variables and research FAMILY OF VARIABLES Numerical Continuous Discrete Categorical Ordinal Nominal FAMILY OF VARIABLES Independent Presumed Cause Inherent in subjects Dependent Presumed outcome One research is interested in understanding FAMILY OF VARIABLES Active Attributable end RESEARCH DIRECTION Research direction A quantitative purpose statement identifies the variables, their relationship, and the participants and site for research. A single sentence. If you’ll use a theory, state theory. Three options exist for using variables in this statement: relate two or more variables compare a variable composed of two or more groups in terms of the dependent variable describe one variable. State the independent and dependent variables2. THE PURPOSE STATEMENT
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