Breast Cancer by SOPHIA MWALE - Oncology-unza

Description

This comprehensive oncology presentation on breast cancer provides an in-depth overview of its epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, pathology, diagnostic workup, staging, and treatment modalities. The material highlights breast cancer as a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally and the second most common cancer in Zambia, detailing key risk factors such as genetic predisposition (BRCA mutations), hormonal influences, and lifestyle factors. Clinical features including breast masses, skin changes like peau d'orange, and nipple alterations are outlined, alongside the pathological classification of in situ and invasive carcinomas. The diagnostic approach emphasizes triple assessment—clinical examination, imaging (mammography, ultrasound), and histology—alongside hormone receptor and HER2 status evaluation. Treatment strategies encompass surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapies, and targeted biological agents, with additional notes on prevention and reconstructive options. This resource is invaluable for medical students, oncology trainees, and practitioners in Zambia, offering structured, exam-focused content for mastering breast cancer management in a tertiary medical setting. Access these detailed notes for thorough preparation and clinical application.