Tumor Lysis Syndrome by ELIZABETH T.J HIKAUMBA - Oncology-unza

Description

This oncology presentation on Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of this oncologic emergency, detailing its pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and management. The material explains TLS as a metabolic crisis resulting from the rapid lysis of tumor cells, commonly seen in hematologic malignancies like acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Burkitt lymphoma, leading to hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and acute kidney injury. Key risk factors include high tumor burden, chemosensitivity, preexisting renal impairment, and dehydration. Clinical features range from oliguria and flank pain to cardiac arrhythmias and neuromuscular symptoms of hypocalcemia. Management emphasizes prevention through hydration, allopurinol, or rasburicase, alongside prompt recognition and supportive care, including hemodialysis for severe cases. This resource is essential for medical students, oncology trainees, and practitioners in Zambia, offering structured, exam-focused content for understanding and managing TLS within a tertiary medical education setting. Download these notes for thorough preparation on oncologic emergencies.