Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome by Dr. B. C. Kamanga - University of Zambia School of Medicine - Endocrinology-unza

Description

This academic lecture by Dr. B. C. Kamanga, an Endocrinologist from the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Zambia School of Medicine, provides a detailed analysis of the acute hyperglycemic emergencies, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS). It covers the distinct pathogenesis of these conditions, highlighting the roles of insulin deficiency and counterregulatory hormones in DKA versus the severe hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality without significant ketosis in HHS. The presentation details common precipitating factors such as infection, outlines the key clinical signs and diagnostic laboratory criteria, and provides a systematic, step-by-step guide to management. This includes aggressive fluid resuscitation, intravenous insulin therapy protocols, and careful electrolyte replacement, particularly for potassium and bicarbonate. It also discusses the resolution criteria for transitioning to subcutaneous insulin and outlines potential complications, including cerebral edema. This material is an essential resource for medical students, postgraduate trainees in internal medicine and endocrinology, and healthcare practitioners managing these critical conditions. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and evidence-based treatment strategies for DKA and HHS. Review this thorough lecture to enhance your clinical management skills for these diabetic emergencies.