Postpartum Haemorrhage by Dr Kenneth Chanda - University Teaching Hospital-UTH

Description

This academic presentation on Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) is authored by Dr Kenneth Chanda from the University Teaching Hospital. The material defines PPH as a primary cause of maternal mortality, accounting for about 25% of deaths worldwide, and details the classification into primary (within 24 hours) and secondary (beyond 24 hours) haemorrhage. It explains the aetiology using the 'Four Ts' mnemonic: Tone (atonic uterus), Tissue (retained placenta), Trauma (birth canal tears), and Thrombin (coagulation defects). The document outlines critical risk factors and provides a structured, step-by-step protocol for general management, emphasising rapid evaluation, immediate resuscitation, fluid replacement, and identifying the cause. It covers specific interventions for an atonic uterus, including medical management with oxytocin and prostaglandins, mechanical methods like condom tamponade and bimanual compression, and surgical options such as uterine artery ligation and hysterectomy. Procedures for managing retained placenta and the causes of secondary PPH are also detailed. This resource is an essential tertiary-level guide for medical, nursing, and midwifery students, providing vital, actionable knowledge for exam preparation and emergency clinical management. Review this presentation to consolidate your understanding of this critical obstetric emergency.