Introduction to Research, Biostatistics and Epidemiology by S.M. Munsaka, BSc., MSc., PhD - University of Zambia - Research Methodology-unza

Description

This comprehensive academic material from the BMS 4415 course covers the principles of sample size calculation and sampling methods in biostatistics and epidemiological research. It defines key concepts such as population, sample, parameter, statistic, and precision, explaining why sampling is necessary for feasible research. The document details various probability sampling techniques, including simple random, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling, as well as non-probability methods like convenience, quota, and purposive sampling. It provides practical formulas and worked examples for calculating minimum sample sizes for estimating population means and prevalences in descriptive studies, and for comparing means and proportions in analytical studies like randomized controlled trials. Authored by Mr. Joseph Sichone, this resource is essential for tertiary-level students in biomedical sciences, public health, and epidemiology programmes at the University of Zambia, offering critical skills for designing robust quantitative research. It serves as vital university notes and exam preparation material, equipping students with the methodological foundation needed for ethical and statistically sound research practice in Zambia. Download this guide to master the calculations and concepts central to research design and data analysis.