Topics for Anatomy and Physiology
Find educational topics for Anatomy and Physiology aligned with the Zambian tertiary curriculum.
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
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Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is an overlap syndrome with features of SLE, SSc, and polymyositis/dermatomyositis, associated with high-titre anti-U1-RNP antibodies. For Zambian students, important to recognize because prognosis better than individual diseases, but may evolve. Pathophysiology: anti-U1-RNP antibodies targeting U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) involved in mRNA splicing. Pathogenesis …
Behçet's Disease
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Behçet's disease (BD) is multisystem vasculitis of unknown etiology, characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Unusual in sub-Saharan Africa, but recognition important due to silk road distribution and emerging cases. Pathophysiology: vasculitis—affects arteries and veins of all sizes, both thrombosis and aneurysms. HLA-B51 strong association. …
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
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Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is inflammatory disorder of older adults, characterized by severe pain and stiffness of shoulder and pelvic girdles, marked acute phase response, and dramatic response to low-dose corticosteroids. For Zambian students, important in elderly population, differential diagnosis of pain/stiffness, mimics RA, fibromyalgia, malignancy. Pathophysiology: unknown, IL-6 driven. Association …
Giant Cell Arteritis
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Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis, is the most common primary systemic vasculitis in adults over 50 years, representing a medical emergency due to its potential to cause irreversible blindness. This comprehensive topic provides Zambian tertiary nursing and medical students with essential knowledge for recognizing this time-sensitive …
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
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Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by arterial, venous, or microvascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). This comprehensive topic provides Zambian tertiary nursing and medical students with essential knowledge for recognizing this major cause of acquired thrombophilia, recurrent pregnancy loss, …
Sarcoidosis
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Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology characterized by non-caseating epithelioid granulomas, most commonly affecting the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes, but capable of involving virtually any organ system. This comprehensive topic provides Zambian tertiary nursing and medical students with essential knowledge for recognizing this great imitator, which …
Fibromyalgia
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Fibromyalgia is a complex, chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and multiple somatic symptoms, representing a disorder of central pain processing and sensitization rather than peripheral tissue inflammation or damage. This comprehensive topic provides Zambian tertiary nursing and medical students with essential knowledge for …
Hepatitis B and C-Associated Arthritis
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are associated with diverse extrahepatic manifestations, including inflammatory arthritis that may mimic rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic rheumatic diseases. This comprehensive topic provides Zambian tertiary nursing and medical students with essential knowledge for recognizing viral arthritis in a high-prevalence setting, …
HIV-Associated Arthritis
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HIV infection is associated with diverse rheumatic manifestations throughout disease course. For Zambian students, essential knowledge in high-prevalence setting. Pathophysiology: direct HIV infection of synovium? Immune dysregulation, CD8+ T cell infiltration, reactive arthritis mechanisms. Clinical: HIV-ASSOCIATED ARTHRITIS—acute/subacute, asymmetric oligoarthritis, lower extremity (knees, ankles), non-erosive. May resemble reactive arthritis (ReA) without …