False. The Hook effect (or prozone effect) leads to a false-negative or paradoxically weak result when antigen levels are extremely high, not low. In sandwich-type detection systems (common in IHC), an overwhelming excess of antigen can saturate all binding sites on both the primary and secondary detection reagents. This prevents the proper formation of the layered immune complex needed to generate a signal. Consequently, areas with the highest antigen concentration may show little or no staining, while areas with moderate levels stain appropriately. This can be misinterpreted as heterogeneity or negativity. The effect is identified by staining with serial dilutions of the primary antibody; staining intensity that increases with higher dilution suggests the Hook effect. Low antigen levels would cause true weak staining or false negatives due to insufficient signal, not the Hook effect.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies