Reactive urothelial cells typically show uniform nuclear enlargement with smooth nuclear membranes and prominent but regular nucleoli. The chromatin remains fine and evenly distributed despite nuclear enlargement. These changes occur in response to inflammation, infection, stones, instrumentation, or therapy. While reactive cells may have increased N/C ratios, they lack the marked pleomorphism, irregular chromatin distribution, and nuclear membrane irregularities of malignant cells. Recognizing reactive changes is crucial to avoid false-positive diagnoses of carcinoma, particularly in specimens from patients with clinical evidence of inflammation or recent instrumentation.

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Zambia

• Naomi Miselo – 31 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies