Application of Omics Technologies in Genomic Medicine
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Determining the patient's ABO group is the single most important pre-transfusion test because ABO incompatibility causes the most severe and immediate type of transfusion reaction. The naturally occurring anti-A and anti-B antibodies are IgM, potent activators of the complement system, and react at body temperature. If ABO-incompatible red cells are transfused (e.g., type A cells to a type O recipient with anti-A), these pre-formed antibodies immediately bind to the donor cells, causing rapid intravascular hemolysis. This can lead to shock, acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and death within hours. No other blood group system has such powerful, universally present, complement-fixing antibodies, making ABO matching the cornerstone of safe transfusion practice.
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