In firearms terminology, 'caliber' refers specifically to the internal diameter (bore diameter) of a gun barrel, and by extension, to the diameter of the projectile (bullet) it fires. For rifled barrels, caliber is typically measured between opposing lands (the raised portions inside the barrel). It is a critical specification because ammunition must match the barrel's caliber to function safely and accurately. Caliber is expressed differently around the world: in the United States, it is usually given in hundredths or thousandths of an inch (e.g., .22, .357, .45), while in Europe and many other regions, it is given in millimeters (e.g., 9mm, 7.62mm). It is distinct from other barrel characteristics like length, rifling twist rate, or the number of lands and grooves, though it is a fundamental class characteristic used to narrow down the type of firearm used.

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Zambia

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