The most reliable feature to distinguish reactive bronchial cells from adenocarcinoma in sputum is the presence of cilia or terminal bars on the cells, indicating benign bronchial origin. Reactive bronchial cells may show nuclear enlargement and prominent nucleoli but typically retain ciliary structures (unless severely degenerated). Adenocarcinoma cells lack cilia and often show three-dimensional clustering, nuclear overlapping, and mucinous vacuolization. Other helpful features: reactive cells maintain uniform chromatin and smooth nuclear membranes, while adenocarcinoma shows irregular chromatin and membranes. However, ciliated adenocarcinoma is extremely rare, making cilia a strong indicator of benignity.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies