The key difference between bronchial washings and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellular profiles is that bronchial washings contain more bronchial epithelial cells and fewer macrophages, while BAL contains predominantly alveolar macrophages (85-90%) with fewer bronchial cells. Bronchial washings sample the central airways, so they have more ciliated columnar cells and goblet cells. BAL samples the alveolar spaces, yielding more macrophages and sometimes type II pneumocytes. This distinction is important for interpreting findings: infections or tumors of central airways are better detected in washings, while interstitial diseases or peripheral lesions are better assessed by BAL.

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Zambia

• Naomi Miselo – 31 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies