Cancer Biomarkers and Tumor Markers
Q: When evaluating the performance of a new diagnostic biomarker, what does the 'Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve' plot?
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Urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation shows malignant cells forming gland-like spaces or containing mucin vacuoles, in addition to conventional urothelial carcinoma features. The cells may have columnar morphology with intracellular or extracellular mucin. This variant accounts for about 6% of urothelial carcinomas and may be associated with worse prognosis. Cytologically, it can be difficult to distinguish from primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder or metastasis from colorectal or other sites. Immunohistochemistry (CK7, CK20, CDX2) and clinical history help in differential diagnosis. Signet-ring cell morphology may also be present.
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