Amyloidosis involving the urinary tract may show amorphous, eosinophilic material in urine cytology that stains with Congo red and exhibits apple-green birefringence under polarized light. Amyloid can deposit in the kidneys (causing proteinuria) or bladder (causing mass lesions). Cytology is not primary for diagnosis; biopsy with Congo red stain is definitive. In urine, amyloid may appear as structureless clumps that can be confused with fibrin or mucus. Clinical suspicion (nephrotic syndrome, monoclonal gammopathy) should prompt special stains. Primary localized bladder amyloidosis is rare but can mimic carcinoma.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies