University revision · Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics

Cell Communication and Signal Transduction Pathways

Question 1 of 7 Course: Biomedical Science(Degree)

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What is the term for the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells?

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The Immediate Spin (IS) Crossmatch is a rapid compatibility test performed by mixing the recipient's serum with the donor's red blood cells and centrifuging immediately at room temperature. Its primary purpose is to detect ABO incompatibility between the donor unit and the recipient. It works because the major ABO antibodies (anti-A and anti-B) are IgM, which are efficient at causing agglutination quickly at room temperature without incubation. If the donor red cells have an A or B antigen that the recipient's serum has an antibody against, visible agglutination will occur immediately upon centrifugation, indicating incompatibility. However, the IS crossmatch has limitations: it does NOT detect clinically significant IgG antibodies (like anti-D, anti-K, anti-Jka) that require incubation at 37°C and an antiglobulin (Coombs) phase to be detected. Therefore, it is often used in conjunction with, or replaced by, an electronic crossmatch when the recipient has no history of antibodies.

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