Delirium management focuses on identifying and treating underlying causes while implementing non-pharmacological interventions to reorient and calm the patient. Delirium is an acute, fluctuating confusion often due to medical conditions, medications, or environmental factors. Nursing interventions include: assessing for underlying causes (infection, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, pain); ensuring safety (bed alarms, frequent checks); reorienting frequently (clocks, calendars, familiar objects); optimizing sensory input (glasses, hearing aids); maintaining sleep-wake cycles (daytime activity, nighttime quiet); and involving family for familiarity. Pharmacological interventions (e.g., low-dose antipsychotics) are reserved for severe agitation threatening safety. Documentation using tools like CAM (Confusion Assessment Method) helps track changes. Prevention is key in high-risk patients (elderly, postoperative). Nurses play a crucial role in early detection and intervention to reduce duration and complications of delirium.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies