Cryptorchidism is the medical term for the condition in which one or both testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before birth. This is one of the most common congenital disorders in male newborns. The testes normally develop in the abdomen and descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum during the third trimester of pregnancy. Cryptorchidism can be unilateral (one testis) or bilateral (both). It is a risk factor for infertility because the higher temperature in the abdomen compared to the scrotum impairs normal sperm development. It also increases the risk of testicular torsion and testicular germ cell cancer later in life. Cryptorchidism is a component of Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome (TDS), and its occurrence has been linked in some studies to potential in-utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies