True. Microwave antigen retrieval is one of the most common and practical implementations of Heat-Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER). HIER is the broad category of antigen retrieval methods that use heat to break the methylene cross-links formed during formalin fixation. A microwave oven provides a convenient and rapid way to heat the slides immersed in retrieval buffer (e.g., citrate buffer, pH 6.0) to a temperature near 100°C. The microwave energy agitates water molecules, generating heat uniformly throughout the solution. The typical protocol involves heating slides in a microwave for several cycles (e.g., 5-10 minutes each) to maintain a high temperature, often with a resting period to prevent boiling over. The heat provides the kinetic energy to disrupt the cross-links, 'unmasking' the antigenic epitopes so antibodies can bind. Other HIER methods include using pressure cookers, steamers, water baths, or automated stainers with heated modules. The choice of method and buffer can significantly impact the success of staining for different antigens.

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