The condition where the testis rotates on the spermatic cord (its vascular pedicle), twisting the cord and cutting off its blood supply, is testicular torsion. This leads to ischemic pain and, if not promptly treated, infarction (tissue death) of the testicle. It is most common in adolescents due to a congenital predisposition called the 'bell-clapper' deformity, where the testis is inadequately attached within the scrotum. Symptoms include the sudden onset of severe unilateral scrotal pain, nausea, vomiting, and a high-riding, transversely oriented testis. It is a surgical emergency; detorsion (untwisting) must be performed within about 4-6 hours to salvage the testicle. Diagnosis is supported by a absent cremasteric reflex and confirmed with Doppler ultrasound showing absent blood flow. Immediate surgical exploration is often required.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies