Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone secreted by L-cells in the distal ileum and colon in response to nutrient ingestion. Its primary actions are to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and to suppress glucagon secretion from alpha cells. This means it stimulates insulin release only when blood glucose is high, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. Additionally, GLP-1 slows gastric emptying, which promotes satiety and reduces postprandial glucose spikes. It also acts on the brain to reduce appetite. Due to these multifaceted glucose-lowering and weight-loss promoting effects, GLP-1 receptor agonists (like liraglutide, semaglutide) are important medications for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which is why DPP-4 inhibitors are another class of diabetes drugs.

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Zambia

• ivwananji siwale – 29 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies