Molecular testing in urine cytology includes assays for mutations (FGFR3, TERT promoter, TP53), chromosomal abnormalities (FISH for UroVysion), methylation markers, and RNA expression profiles. These tests can improve sensitivity for detecting urothelial carcinoma, especially in equivocal cytology cases, and provide prognostic information. FISH detects polysomy of chromosomes 3, 7, 17 and 9p21 loss, with higher sensitivity than cytology for low-grade tumors. Molecular tests are particularly useful for monitoring high-risk patients and resolving ambiguous cytological findings. They require adequate cellularity and proper specimen handling.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies