**Defensive wounds** are injuries sustained by a victim while attempting to fend off or protect themselves from an assault, most commonly a **sharp force** (knife) or **blunt force** attack. They provide crucial evidence that the victim was conscious and active during the attack, and they often indicate the nature of the assault. There are two main types: 1) **Active defensive wounds**: These occur on the arms and hands, particularly the palms, forearms, and the outer aspects of the arms, as the victim raises them to block the weapon or grab the blade. These wounds may include incised wounds (cuts) on the palms and fingers, stab wounds to the arms, or fractures of the small bones in the hands (from blocking a blunt object). 2) **Passive defensive wounds**: These are typically found on the back of the hands and forearms when the victim covers their head or curls into a protective fetal position; they may appear as slash marks or bruises. The presence, type, and distribution of defensive wounds can help reconstruct the dynamics of the attack.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies