This statement is true. Heat-Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER) is a standard antigen retrieval technique where formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections on slides are heated to high temperatures, typically between 95°C and 100°C. This is commonly achieved using laboratory equipment such as microwave ovens, pressure cookers, water baths, vegetable steamers, or automated immunostainers with specialized heating modules. The heating is performed while the slides are immersed in a specific retrieval buffer, often a citrate or EDTA-based solution. The intense heat energy helps break the methylene cross-links formed between proteins during formalin fixation. Breaking these cross-links 'unmasks' the antigenic epitopes, restoring their three-dimensional shape and making them accessible again for antibody binding. After heating, it is crucial to allow the slides to cool slowly at room temperature, as this gradual cooling period allows the proteins to refold into their proper, recognizable conformations, further optimizing antigen detection.

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Zambia

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