Visual hallucinations (seeing things that aren't there) are characteristic of alcohol withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens), the most severe form of withdrawal typically beginning 48-72 hours after last drink. Other symptoms: confusion, disorientation, agitation, autonomic hyperactivity (tachycardia, hypertension, fever, sweating), tremors, and seizures. Alcohol withdrawal delirium is a medical emergency with mortality up to 5% if untreated. Management includes: benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam) for symptom-triggered or fixed-schedule dosing; thiamine before glucose to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy; magnesium; fluid/electrolyte balance; and quiet environment. Nurses monitor using CIWA-Ar (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment) scale. Prevention involves recognizing early withdrawal (tremors, anxiety, nausea 6-24 hours after last drink) and treating promptly. Patients with history of severe withdrawal, older age, or medical comorbidities are at higher risk. Safe detoxification requires medical supervision.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies