This statement is true. Umbrella cells are the superficial layer of the urothelium (transitional epithelium) and are frequently bi-nucleated or multinucleated. They are large, polygonal cells with abundant, pale, sometimes vacuolated cytoplasm and well-defined borders. Their nuclei are round to oval, with fine, evenly distributed chromatin and small nucleoli. The multinucleation is a normal histological feature and should not be mistaken for pathology. These cells are named for their protective 'umbrella' function, forming a barrier against urine. In cytology preparations, their presence indicates a satisfactory sample from the urinary tract and helps orient the diagnostician to normal urothelial architecture.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies