This statement is false. Infection with high-risk strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 16, 18, 31, and 33, is a major etiological factor in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. HPV is believed to be involved in approximately 40-50% of penile cancer cases. The virus integrates into the host cell's DNA and produces viral oncoproteins (E6 and E7) that inactivate crucial tumor suppressor proteins (p53 and pRb), leading to uncontrolled cell growth and malignant transformation. This association is similar to the role of HPV in cervical cancer in women. Therefore, prevention strategies like HPV vaccination, which protects against these high-risk strains, are expected to reduce the incidence of HPV-related penile cancers, just as they do for cervical and other anogenital cancers.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies