Oxygen saturation below 90% despite oxygen therapy indicates respiratory failure requiring immediate intervention in pneumonia. Other concerning signs: respiratory rate >30; hypotension; confusion; multilobar involvement; and significant comorbidities. Pneumonia management includes: antibiotics based on likely pathogen; oxygen therapy; hydration; chest physiotherapy; analgesia for pleuritic pain; and monitoring for complications (effusion, empyema, abscess, sepsis). Nurses assess: respiratory status (rate, effort, sounds, oxygen saturation); mental status; hydration; fever; and sputum characteristics. High-risk patients (elderly, immunocompromised, comorbidities) may deteriorate rapidly. Prevention through vaccination (pneumococcal, influenza) and smoking cessation education are important. Community-acquired vs. healthcare-associated pneumonia have different pathogens and treatment approaches. Early recognition of deterioration allows prompt escalation of care (non-invasive ventilation, ICU transfer) preventing mortality.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies