The component struck by the firing pin is the **primer**. In modern centerfire cartridges, the primer is a small, shock-sensitive explosive compound contained within a metal cup (the primer cup) located in the center of the cartridge base. When the firearm's trigger is pulled, the hammer or striker drives the firing pin forward with force. The tip of the firing pin strikes the center of the primer cup, crushing and detonating the primer compound. This detonation creates a hot, high-pressure jet of flame that travels through a small vent hole (the flash hole) into the main body of the cartridge case. This flame ignites the propellant (smokeless powder), which rapidly burns and generates a large volume of gas. The gas pressure expands, forcing the bullet out of the cartridge case and down the barrel. The primer is a critical source of individual markings; the impression left by the firing pin on the primer cup can be unique to a specific firearm.

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