A defining characteristic of the ABO blood group antigens is their high density on the surface of red blood cells. It is estimated that a single red blood cell may carry up to 1,000,000 copies of ABO antigens. This extremely high number is one reason why ABO-incompatible transfusions are so dangerous. The vast number of antigen sites allows for massive binding of the corresponding IgM antibodies, leading to efficient complement fixation and rapid, severe intravascular hemolysis. The high density also makes these antigens easily detectable in blood typing tests, contributing to the reliability of ABO grouping.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies