Reverse grouping tests the patient's serum for the expected anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies. An 'unexpected negative reaction' occurs when the expected antibody is not detected or is too weak. The most common reason, especially in hospital settings, is a low immunoglobulin level. This can be due to age (very young infants or elderly), immunodeficiency states (like hypogammaglobulinemia), immunosuppressive therapy, or certain diseases like chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In these cases, the patient may not produce strong enough antibodies to cause visible agglutination in the test, leading to a false-negative reverse typing result. Other options like recent transfusion with AB plasma would not cause this specific issue, and cold agglutinins typically cause unexpected positive reactions.

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Zambia

• Naomi Miselo – 31 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies