The primary nursing concern for renal failure is fluid and electrolyte imbalance, particularly hyperkalemia and fluid overload, which can lead to cardiac complications. Acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs filtration, leading to accumulation of waste products, electrolytes, and fluid. Nursing assessments: daily weights; intake/output; edema; lung sounds; electrolyte levels (especially potassium >5.5 mEq/L dangerous); and uremic symptoms (nausea, pruritus, confusion). Interventions: fluid restriction; potassium restriction; medication adjustment (avoid nephrotoxic drugs); prepare for renal replacement therapy if indicated. Dialysis access care: assess for infection/thrill/bruit; avoid BP/IV in access arm. Patient education: dietary restrictions (sodium, potassium, phosphorus, protein); medication adherence; symptom recognition. Documentation includes fluid balance, laboratory values, and uremic symptoms. Early detection of AKI allows intervention to prevent permanent damage.

Break down complex topics into smaller, manageable chunks for easier recall.

Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies