University revision · Microbiology

Oncogenic Viruses

Question 1 of 9 Course: Biomedical Science(Degree)

Oncogenic viruses, such as HPV, can cause cancer by integrating their DNA into the host genome. True or false?

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone secreted by L-cells in the ileum and colon in response to nutrient ingestion. Its primary pancreatic effects are two-fold and glucose-dependent: 1) It stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. GLP-1 binds to GLP-1 receptors, leading to increased intracellular cAMP, which enhances glucose-dependent insulin release. 2) It suppresses glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells. This dual action helps lower blood glucose levels after a meal without causing hypoglycemia, as the insulinotropic effect only occurs when glucose is high. Additionally, GLP-1 slows gastric emptying, promotes satiety in the brain, and may support beta-cell health. These properties make GLP-1 receptor agonists (like liraglutide, semaglutide) valuable drugs for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity.

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