A key limitation of sputum cytology compared to tissue biopsy is the inability to assess tissue architecture and invasion. Cytology examines individual cells or small clusters, providing information about cellular morphology but not the relationship of cells to stroma, blood vessels, or each other in tissue context. This makes it difficult to distinguish in situ from invasive carcinoma, assess tumor grade accurately, or evaluate stromal reaction. Tissue biopsy provides architectural information essential for definitive diagnosis, staging, and sometimes prognosis. However, cytology is less invasive, quicker, and useful for screening and initial diagnosis.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies