University revision · Medical and Surgical Nursing

Palliative and End-of-Life Care

Question 1 of 25 Course: Nursing(Degree)

Morphine given for dyspnea hastens death

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) poses an immediate risk of respiratory failure and cardiovascular collapse due to obstruction of pulmonary arteries. Nursing priorities include: ensuring adequate oxygenation and perfusion, administering anticoagulants promptly, and monitoring for complications. Signs of PE include sudden dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia, hemoptysis, and hypoxia. Nursing interventions: administer oxygen to maintain SpO2 >90%; monitor vital signs and oxygen saturation frequently; establish IV access for fluids and medications; administer anticoagulants (heparin, enoxaparin) as ordered; assess for bleeding risk; and prepare for possible thrombolytic therapy in massive PE. Patients should be on bed rest initially to prevent clot dislodgement. Documentation includes respiratory status, interventions, and response. Prevention strategies include early ambulation, compression devices, and anticoagulant prophylaxis for high-risk patients. Rapid recognition and treatment reduce mortality.

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