Setting clear, consistent limits while validating feelings helps manage crises in borderline personality disorder (BPD). BPD features: emotional instability, impulsivity, unstable relationships, identity disturbance, fear of abandonment, and self-harm. During crises, nurses: maintain calm demeanor; set firm boundaries ('I cannot allow you to harm yourself'); validate emotions without validating maladaptive behaviors ('I understand you're angry, but throwing things isn't allowed'); help identify feelings; teach distress tolerance skills; and ensure safety. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills are particularly effective: distress tolerance, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, mindfulness. Countertransference (strong emotional reactions) is common; supervision helps. Consistency among staff prevents splitting. Long-term goals: improve emotion regulation, reduce self-harm, build stable relationships. Nurses balance empathy with limit-setting, avoiding rescue or punishment. Safety contracts may be used but don't replace observation. Documentation should be objective, focusing on behaviors not personality.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies