The histological findings (flattened villi, crypt hyperplasia) are classic for giardiasis and lead to malabsorption. In children, chronic malabsorption of essential nutrients—proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins (especially A, D, E, K, and B12), and minerals (iron, zinc)—during critical developmental years can have severe consequences. The most significant long-term complication is 'failure to thrive.' This is a medical term describing a child whose weight or rate of weight gain is significantly below that of other children of similar age and sex. It results from the cumulative caloric and nutrient deficit caused by chronic giardiasis. This can lead to stunted growth (both height and weight), delayed motor and cognitive development, and increased susceptibility to other infections due to compromised nutritional status. While lactose intolerance (A) is a common secondary complication, it is manageable and not the most severe long-term outcome. Liver abscess (C) is not associated with Giardia. Spontaneous resolution (D) may occur in some adults but is less likely in children with chronic infection and significant mucosal damage.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies