Anticholinergic medications (also known as antimuscarinics), such as oxybutynin, tolterodine, or solifenacin, are often used to treat the overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms that can accompany Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). BPH causes both obstructive symptoms (weak stream, hesitancy) and irritative/storage symptoms (urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia). While alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors address the obstruction, anticholinergics target the irritative symptoms by blocking muscarinic receptors in the bladder, reducing involuntary detrusor muscle contractions and the sense of urgency. They must be used with caution in men with BPH because they can potentially worsen urinary retention by reducing bladder contractility. They are often combined with an alpha-blocker. Newer agents like mirabegron, a beta-3 adrenergic agonist, are also used for OAB.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies