Epispadias is a rare congenital malformation where the urethral opening is located on the dorsal (top) surface of the penis instead of at the tip. It results from incomplete closure of the urethral groove on its dorsal aspect during embryonic development. It is often associated with more severe urogenital anomalies, such as bladder exstrophy (where the bladder is exposed on the outside of the abdomen). Depending on severity, the opening can be on the glans, along the penile shaft, or at the penopubic junction. Surgical correction is complex and aims to reconstruct the urethra to allow for normal urination and, if possible, sexual function.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies