Platelet Concentrate and Frozen Fresh Plasma
Q: The drug Warfarin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Which blood component can be used to urgently reverse its effects?
Did You Know?
The most appropriate positive control tissue for validating an antibody against the estrogen receptor (ER) is a known ER-positive breast carcinoma. ER is a nuclear hormone receptor expressed in a significant proportion of breast cancers (and some others). An ER-positive breast cancer block, previously validated to show strong nuclear staining in the majority of tumor cells, serves as an ideal control. It provides a relevant biological context with the expected staining pattern (strong nuclear). Other tissues like normal breast ductal epithelium also express ER but often at lower, more variable levels and in a smaller percentage of cells, making them less robust as a primary control. Non-breast tissues that may express ER (like endometrium) could be used but are less specific for the most common diagnostic application. The positive control should be included in every staining run to confirm that the entire IHC procedure, from antigen retrieval to detection, has worked correctly for that specific marker.
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