The 'lethal triad' is a concept in trauma resuscitation and massive transfusion. It describes three interrelated, self-perpetuating conditions that lead to coagulopathy and death if not corrected: 1) **Hypothermia**: Low body temperature (<35°C), which slows enzyme function of clotting factors and platelets. 2) **Acidosis**: Low blood pH (often from lactic acidosis due to shock), which impairs coagulation factor and platelet function. 3) **Coagulopathy**: The clotting system itself becomes dysfunctional due to dilution (from fluid/crystaloid resuscitation), consumption (from bleeding), and the effects of hypothermia and acidosis. This triad creates a vicious cycle: bleeding causes shock and hypothermia, which worsen coagulopathy, leading to more bleeding. Modern massive transfusion protocols aim to break this cycle by rapidly administering warmed blood products in balanced ratios (RBCs:Plasma:Platelets) to restore volume, oxygen carry, and clotting factors while actively warming the patient.

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Zambia

• ivwananji siwale – 29 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies