Pulmonary sarcoidosis in bronchial washings shows non-caseating granulomas: clusters of epithelioid histiocytes (pink, elongated cells with abundant cytoplasm and bean-shaped nuclei), occasional multinucleated giant cells (Langhans type with peripheral nuclei), and lymphocytes. Necrosis is absent. Giant cells may contain inclusions like asteroid bodies (stellate) or Schaumann bodies (calcified). The background has increased lymphocytes (CD4+ predominance). While characteristic, these findings are not pathognomonic; infection (especially tuberculosis) must be excluded. BAL typically shows lymphocytosis with CD4/CD8 ratio >3.5 in sarcoidosis.

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Zambia

• ivwananji siwale – 29 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies