Lectins are naturally occurring proteins or glycoproteins, usually derived from plants or animals, that have a specific affinity for certain sugar molecules. In blood banking, lectins are used as diagnostic reagents because they can bind specifically to the carbohydrate structures that define blood group antigens. The most famous example is Dolichos biflorus lectin, which binds specifically to the A1 antigen and is used to distinguish A1 from A2 red cells. Another example is Ulex europaeus lectin, which binds to H antigen and is used to identify high H expression (as in type O) or to confirm the Bombay phenotype (lack of H). Lectins are used by mixing them with washed red cells; agglutination indicates the presence of the specific sugar structure they recognize.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies