University revision · Hematology

Prussian Blue and Turnbull's Blue Stains for Iron Detection

Question 1 of 1 Course: Biomedical Science(Degree)

Which stain is used to demonstrate the presence of iron in bone marrow macrophages (hemosiderin) and sideroblasts?

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The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a large gene cluster on chromosome 6 in humans that encodes the **Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)** proteins. These proteins are crucial for immune recognition. There are two main classes: **MHC Class I** (HLA-A, -B, -C) expressed on almost all nucleated cells and present endogenous peptides to CD8+ T-cells. **MHC Class II** (HLA-DR, -DQ, -DP) expressed on antigen-presenting cells and present exogenous peptides to CD4+ T-cells. In transplantation, MHC/HLA molecules are the primary targets of **allorecognition**. When donor and recipient HLA types are mismatched, the recipient's immune system recognizes the donor's HLA molecules as foreign, leading to **graft rejection**. Conversely, donor T-cells in the graft can recognize recipient HLA as foreign, causing **graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)**. Therefore, **HLA matching** between donor and recipient is a key determinant of transplant success, especially in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. For solid organs, matching is important but less critical than for bone marrow due to immunosuppressive drugs.

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Direct Antiglobulin Test (Coombs Test)

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