In blood bank serology reporting, the '+' symbol is universally used to indicate a positive reaction, which means agglutination (clumping) has occurred. In the context of an ABO grouping table, a '+' under 'anti-A' means that when the patient's red cells were mixed with anti-A reagent, visible agglutination formed, indicating the presence of A antigens on those cells. Conversely, a '0' (zero) indicates no agglutination, a negative reaction, meaning the corresponding antigen is absent. The strength of the reaction can be graded (e.g., 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+), with 4+ representing the strongest agglutination, forming one solid clump.

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Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies