The Enzyme-Linked Antiglobulin Test (ELAT) is a sensitive and specific **solid-phase immunoassay** used in blood banks primarily for **antibody detection and identification**, and sometimes for antigen typing. It is a type of ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) adapted for red cell serology. Principle: 1) **For Antibody Detection**: Microplate wells are coated with purified red cell membrane antigens or intact red cell stroma. Patient serum is added. If specific antibodies are present, they bind to the immobilized antigens. After washing, an enzyme-labeled anti-human immunoglobulin (e.g., anti-IgG) is added. A substrate is then added, and a color change indicates the presence of bound antibody. 2) **For Antigen Typing**: Wells are coated with antibody, and patient red cells are added. An enzyme-labeled anti-red cell antibody (like anti-glycophorin) is used to detect bound red cells. Advantages include objectivity, potential for automation, high sensitivity, and the ability to test many samples simultaneously. It's used in some automated systems and for specialized testing like fetal-maternal hemorrhage quantification (Kleihauer-Betke alternative).

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Zambia

• Naomi Miselo – 31 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies