This question applies the Hardy-Weinberg principle to population genetics of the ABO system. For a trait with two alleles (simplifying here, though ABO has three), the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (O/O, which gives phenotype O) is the square of the recessive allele frequency. If the frequency of the O allele (q) is 0.7, then the expected frequency of individuals with genotype O/O (and thus blood type O) is q² = (0.7)² = 0.49. This means approximately 49% of the population would be expected to have blood type O, assuming random mating and no evolutionary forces at play. This basic calculation is a starting point; the full ABO system with three alleles (A, B, O) requires a more complex calculation to find the frequency of each phenotype.

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