High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is characterized by the presence of cytologically atypical (malignant-looking) cells that are still confined within the basement membrane of the prostatic glands. Under the microscope, the cells lining the glands show features of cancer—such as enlarged nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and crowding—but they have not broken through the gland's basement membrane to invade the surrounding stroma. This is why it is called 'intraepithelial' and is considered carcinoma in situ. Finding HGPIN on a prostate biopsy is significant because it is a recognized precursor lesion to invasive adenocarcinoma and indicates a higher risk of finding cancer on subsequent biopsies. It is not invasive, does not involve the stroma, and is not characterized by glandular atrophy or inflammation.

Break down complex topics into smaller, manageable chunks for easier recall.

Zambia

• Joseph Soko – 101 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies