Nursing ethics and professional regulation establish standards for safe, competent, and ethical nursing practice to protect the public. Ethical principles include: autonomy (respecting patient choices); beneficence (doing good); nonmaleficence (avoiding harm); justice (fair resource allocation); fidelity (keeping promises); and veracity (truthfulness). Professional codes (like ICN Code of Ethics) guide decision-making when values conflict. Regulation through licensing boards ensures minimum competencies and addresses violations. Nurses must understand legal aspects: scope of practice; informed consent; documentation; reporting obligations (abuse, certain diseases); and liability. Ethical dilemmas often involve: end-of-life decisions, resource allocation, confidentiality exceptions, conscientious objection. Ethical decision-making frameworks help analyze situations. Continuing education maintains competence. Self-regulation through professional organizations promotes standards. Documentation of ethical reasoning may be appropriate. Balancing multiple responsibilities requires judgment guided by ethical principles and legal requirements.

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Zambia

• ivwananji siwale – 29 pts

• Visual Pathway Lesions
• Positive and Negative Symptoms
• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Antipsychotic Medications
• Emergency: Environmental Emergencies