University revision · Clinical Biochemistry

Water, Sodium and Potassium Balance and Imbalance

Question 1 of 26 Course: Biomedical Science(Degree)

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) causes hyponatraemia and concentrated urine.

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Polycythaemia Vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm where the bone marrow overproduces red blood cells independently of the normal regulatory hormone erythropoietin (EPO). In fact, the tumor-like clone of cells in PV is often hypersensitive to EPO, so the body compensates by producing very little of it. Therefore, a key diagnostic feature of PV is a low serum erythropoietin level. In contrast, secondary polycythaemia (caused by conditions like chronic lung disease, high altitudes, or certain tumors) occurs as a normal bone marrow response to high levels of EPO, which will be elevated. Measuring the JAK2 V617F mutation is also a major diagnostic criterion for PV.

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