Topics for Cellular Pathology
Find educational topics for Cellular Pathology aligned with the Zambian tertiary curriculum.
Faults in Microtomy and Troubleshooting
24 Questions
This tertiary education topic equips Zambian college and university students in biomedical sciences with the ability to identify, diagnose, and rectify common faults in microtomy. Covering issues such as tears, holes, chatters, curling ribbons, compression, and tissue disintegration, the module links each fault to its underlying cause—knife condition, block temperature, …
Determination of Decalcification Endpoint
22 Questions
Accurately determining the endpoint of decalcification is a crucial skill in histopathology, and this tertiary-level topic equips Zambian university and college students with the knowledge to assess calcium removal effectively. The module covers physical methods (flexibility test), chemical methods (ammonium oxalate test), radiographic (X-ray) analysis, and the bubble test. Students …
Molecular Techniques in Pathology
4 Questions
Molecular techniques have revolutionized diagnostic pathology, and this topic provides a comprehensive overview of key methods such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). It covers the principles, essential components, types (e.g., RT-PCR, real-time PCR, nested PCR), and troubleshooting of PCR. For FISH, it explores probe …
High Iron Diamine and Metachromatic Staining
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High iron diamine and metachromatic staining are advanced techniques for characterizing sulfated carbohydrates, integral to tertiary histochemistry education in Zambian colleges. High iron diamine selectively stains highly acidic sulfomucins and proteoglycans brown-black due to their dense sulfate groups. When combined with Alcian blue, it differentiates sulfomucins (brown-black) from sialomucins (blue), …
Enzymatic Digestion for Specificity (Diastase Digestion)
1 Questions
Enzymatic digestion is a critical control technique to verify the specificity of carbohydrate stains, a topic covered in quality-focused histochemistry curricula at Zambian tertiary institutions. Diastase (α-amylase) digestion is the standard method for confirming the presence of glycogen in a PAS-positive tissue. The enzyme hydrolyzes glycogen into soluble maltose, which …
Post-Decalcification Processing and Troubleshooting
8 Questions
This comprehensive tertiary topic addresses the steps following decalcification, including acid neutralization, rinsing, dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding, and sectioning of decalcified bone. It also provides systematic troubleshooting strategies for common problems such as incomplete dehydration, poor paraffin infiltration, chalky or crumbly blocks, and sectioning difficulties. Designed for Zambian college and …
Tissue Microarray Technology
43 Questions
Tissue Microarray (TMA) is a high-throughput technology that allows the simultaneous analysis of hundreds of tissue specimens on a single slide, transforming research and validation studies in pathology. This topic explains the principle and technique of TMA construction, from selecting and marking donor blocks to extracting core biopsies and arranging …
Malignant Gynecological Cytology
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Malignant Gynecological Cytology is a paramount topic in tertiary cytopathology education for Zambian university and college students pursuing degrees or diplomas in Biomedical Sciences. This advanced module covers the cytomorphological criteria for diagnosing pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix, including Low-Grade and High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSIL/HSIL), squamous cell …
Schmorl's Technique for Reducing Substances
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This topic focuses on Schmorl's histochemical technique, a critical method used to demonstrate the presence of reducing substances in tissue sections, such as melanin and argentaffin granules. Zambian tertiary students in cellular pathology or histotechnology will learn the principle based on the reduction of ferric iron (Fe³⁺) to ferrous iron …