Topics for Pediatrics
Find educational topics for Pediatrics aligned with the Zambian tertiary curriculum.
Sickle Cell Crisis: Acute Chest Syndrome and Management
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Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) is a severe and common complication of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) covered in depth in tertiary hematology and pediatrics curricula for Zambian medical students. This topic defines ACS as a new pulmonary infiltrate with fever and respiratory symptoms, often triggered by infection, infarction, or fat embolism. …
Acute Liver Failure in Children
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This topic addresses the management of Acute Liver Failure (ALF), a rare but devastating condition characterized by severe hepatic dysfunction and encephalopathy in a previously healthy child. For Zambian medical students, it covers the wide range of causes (infections like hepatitis, drugs like paracetamol, metabolic disorders), the clinical features (jaundice, …
Malaria in Children: Uncomplicated and Severe
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This topic provides a comprehensive overview of Malaria in children, one of the top causes of morbidity and mortality in Zambia. It covers the diagnosis using blood smear microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and details the management of both uncomplicated and severe forms. For uncomplicated malaria, the focus is …
Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever) in Children
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This topic covers Typhoid Fever, a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, which remains an important cause of febrile illness in children in Zambia. Medical students will learn the clinical features, including sustained high-grade fever, relative bradycardia, abdominal pain, and the classic 'rose spots.' The module emphasizes that diagnosis is …
Hypoglycaemia in Children
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This topic addresses Hypoglycaemia, a common metabolic emergency in paediatrics with potentially severe neurological consequences. For Zambian medical students, it defines hypoglycaemia based on age-specific glucose thresholds, details the broad causes (from neonatal transitional issues, infections, and inborn errors of metabolism to ketotic hypoglycaemia and insulin excess), and outlines the …
Adrenal Crisis in Children
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This topic covers Adrenal Crisis, a life-threatening condition resulting from acute adrenal insufficiency. For Zambian medical students, it details the causes, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), abrupt steroid withdrawal, and adrenal haemorrhage in sepsis (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome). The module outlines the clinical presentation of shock that is refractory to fluid resuscitation, …
Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF) in Children
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This topic provides a comprehensive overview of Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF) in the paediatric population, focusing on aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management. For Zambian medical students, it differentiates causes in infants (e.g., left-to-right shunts, cardiomyopathies) from older children and details the compensatory mechanisms that lead to signs of systemic …
Hypertension in Children: Evaluation and Management
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This topic covers the approach to Hypertension in children, defined as blood pressure persistently above the 95th percentile for age, sex, and height. For Zambian medical students, it emphasizes that childhood hypertension is often secondary to an underlying disorder. The module details the extensive differential diagnosis by system (renal, renovascular, …
Tetralogy of Fallot and Hypoxic Spells
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This topic focuses on Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease, and its acute complication: hypoxic (or 'tet') spells. For Zambian medical students, it details the four anatomical components of TOF and the pathophysiology of spells, which involve dynamic infundibular spasm leading to decreased pulmonary blood …