Atomic Structure
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About this topic
This topic delves into the structure of the atom, subatomic particles, atomic number, mass number, and isotopes, as prescribed in the Zambian Competence-Based Curriculum. You will explore atomic models, calculate proton, neutron, and electron numbers, and understand the isotopic nature of elements, including applications and safe management of radioisotopes in contexts like medicine and mining. Learning these concepts is essential for explaining periodicity and bonding in later forms. ECZ examinations often test calculations involving atomic structure and nuclide notation. A firm grasp here boosts problem-solving confidence and prepares you for more complex stoichiometry topics.
What you'll practise (14 questions)
- An element has an atom with the following nuclide symbol ²⁸X. The number of neutrons in one atom of this element is... A) 7 B) 14 C) 28 D) 42
- Use a copy of the Periodic Table to identify, by name and chemical symbol, the element which has proton number 91.
- How many protons, neutrons and electrons does a sodium ion (Na⁺) contain?
- Which of the following ions contains the smallest number of electrons?
- Pupils are asked to draw a diagram of an atom with symbol ⁴₂X. Which diagram above is correct?
- The element Boron has two isotopes; Boron-10 and Boron-11. What is the relative atomic mass (Ar) of Boron, if the percentage abundance of Boron-10 is 20%?
- What is the basic unit of matter?
- What are the three subatomic particles found in an atom?
- What is the relative charge and mass of a proton?
- What is the relative charge and mass of a neutron?
- What is the relative charge and mass of an electron?
- What is the atomic number of an atom?
- What is the mass number of an atom?
- How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Answer each question above to see the correct answer and a full explanation.